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Answers to Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat mistakes are commonly made when buying or refinancing a home?
Buying a home
The benefits available at each level can be easily understood when viewed from the seller's perspective. Imagine you're a seller in receipt of multiple purchase offers. A complete stranger (buyer) is asking you to take your property off the market for at least the next two to three weeks while they apply for a loan. As the seller, lets consider the type of buyer you'd prefer to deal with.
As a potential buyer, you can see that being pre-approved will give you the best chance of getting your offer accepted. This is critical in a competitive situation. Making verbal agreements. If you're asked to sign a document containing instructions contrary to your verbal agreements--don't! For example, the seller verbally agrees to include the washing machine in the sale, but the written purchase contract excludes it. The written contract will override the verbal contract. Do not expect oral agreements to be enforceable. Choosing a lender because they have the lowest rate. While the rate is important, consider the total cost of your loan including the APR , loan fees, discount and origination points. When receiving a quote from a lender or broker, insist that the discount points (charged by the lender to reduce the interest rate) be distinguished from origination points (charged for services rendered in originating the loan). A below market or low interest rate quote may indicate some hidden loan requirements, like a prepayment penalty, requirement for escrow impounds, a short 15 day rate lock or requiring a bigger down payment. Make sure the rate quoted is for your specific loan request. The cost of the mortgage, however, shouldn't be your only criterion. Select a reputable company which will deliver the loan as promised. Insist on a written pre-approval from the lender. If in the final hours of the transaction you find that the lender has suddenly increased their profit margin at your expense, you won't have time to start again with a different lender. Ask family and friends for referrals, and interview several prospective mortgage companies. Not receiving a Good Faith Estimate (GFE). Within three business days after the broker or lender receives your loan application, you must receive a written statement of fees associated with the transaction. This is both the law and the best way to determine what you'll pay for your loan. Bring the GFE with you when you sign loan documents. You should not be expected to pay fees which are substantially different from those contained in your GFE. Not getting a rate lock in writing. When a mortgage company tells you they have locked your rate, get a written statement detailing the interest rate, the length of the rate lock, and program details. Using a dual agent--i.e., An agent who represents the buyer and the seller in the same transaction. Buyers and sellers have opposing interests. Sellers want to receive the highest price, buyers want to pay the lowest price. In the standard real estate transaction, the seller pays the real estate commission. When an agent represents both buyer and seller, the agent can tend to negotiate more vigorously on behalf of the seller. As a buyer, you're better off having an agent representing you exclusively. The only time you should consider a dual agent is when you get a price break. In that case, proceed cautiously and do your homework! Buying a home without professional inspections. Unless you're buying a new home with warranties on most equipment, consider obtaining property, roof, structural and pest control and other relevant inspections. This way you'll know what you are buying. Inspection reports are great negotiating tools when asking the seller to make needed repairs. When a professional inspector recommends that certain repairs be done, the seller is more likely to agree to do them. If the seller agrees to make repairs, have your inspector verify that they are done prior to close of escrow. Do not assume that everything was done as promised. Not shopping for home insurance until you are ready to close. Start shopping for insurance as soon as you have an accepted offer. Many buyers wait until the last minute to get insurance and do not have time to shop around. Signing documents without reading them. Whenever possible, review in advance the documents you'll be signing. (Even though some specifics of your transaction may not be known early in the transaction, the documents you'll sign are standard forms and are available for review.) It's unlikely that you'll have sufficient time to read all the documents during the closing appointment. Not allowing for delays in the transaction. Ideally, all real estate transactions would close on time. In reality, transactions are often delayed a week or more. Suppose you asked your landlord to terminate your lease the day your purchase transaction was scheduled to close. A day or two before your scheduled closing date, you learn that your transaction is delayed a week. Very likely your landlord is inconvenienced and angry. The eviction process takes a little time, so the Sheriff won't immediately remove you, but this type of stress-producing episode can be avoided. How? Terminate your lease one week after your real estate transaction is scheduled to close. That way, if there is a delay in closing your transaction, you have some leeway. Should I pay points? Does a zero point loan with no fees really exist?
1. Calculate the cost of the points. Example: 2 points on a $100,000 loan is $2,000. Zero-Point/Zero-Fee Loans
Is this a deal too good to pass up? How can a bank and broker do this? Doesn't someone have to pay? Who? This is not a scam. Thousands of homeowners have refinanced using a zero-point/zero-fee loan. Some refinanced multiple times in a single year. Some homeowners used zero-point/zero-fee adjustable loans to refinance and get a new teaser rate every year. This works due to rebate pricing, also known as yield-spread pricing or service-release premium pricing. You pay a higher rate in exchange for cash up front, which is then used to pay the closing costs. You are financing the closing costs by paying a higher rate. A zero point loan, with the borrower paying the closing costs would be 0.25 to 0.5% lower than the no cost loan. On a $200,000 loan, the loan officer can offer you a rate with a cost of -1 point (rebate), which is a $2,000 credit towards your closing costs. A mortgage broker can use rebate pricing to pay for your closing costs and keep the balance of the rebate as profit. A no cost loan would need to have enough rebate points to cover all your closing costs, plus his profit margin. What are the benefits of a zero-point/zero-fee loan?
The zero-point/zero-fee loan eliminates the need to do a break-even analysis, since there is no up-front expense that needs to be recovered. It also is a great way to take advantage of falling rates. What are the disadvantages of a zero-point/zero-fee loan?
Whose money is it?
To summarize, zero-point/zero-fee loans in many cases are good deals. Make sure, however, that the lender pays for your closing costs from rebate points and NOT by increasing your loan amount. So if your old loan amount was $150,000, your new loan amount should also be $150,000. You may have to come up with some money at closing for recurring costs (taxes, insurance, and interest), but you would have to pay for these whether you refinanced or not. Zero-point/zero-fee loans are especially attractive when rates are declining or when you plan to sell your home in less than 2-3 years. Zero-point/zero-fee loans may not be around forever. Lenders have discussed adding a pre-payment penalty to such loans, however few lenders have taken steps to implement such a measure. Read the Pre-Payment clause in your Note, before signing the final loan docs. As a counter measure, some lenders will prohibit your mortgage broker from refinancing your mortgage within the first 6-12 months. What is a FICO score?
Credit scores are calculated by using scoring models and mathematical tables that assign points for different pieces of information which best predict future credit performance. Developing these models involves studying how thousands, even millions, of people have used credit. Score-model developers find predictive factors in the data that have proven to indicate future credit performance. Models can be developed from different sources of data. Credit-bureau models are developed from information in consumer credit bureau reports. Credit scores analyze a borrower's credit history considering numerous factors such as:
There are really three credit scores computed by data provided by each of the three bureaus--Experian, Trans Union and Equifax. Some lenders use one of these three scores, while other lenders may use the middle score. How can I increase my score? While it is difficult to increase your score over the short run, here are some tips to increase your score over a period of time.
If you see an error on your report, report it to the credit bureau. The three major bureaus in the U.S., Equifax (1-800-685-1111), Trans Union (1-800-916-8800) and Experian (1-888-397-3742) all have procedures for correcting information promptly. Alternatively, your mortgage company may help you correct this problem as well. Why do interest rates change?
This leads to a fundamental concept:
Bad news (i.e. a slowing economy) is good news for interest rates (i.e. lower rates).
Mortgage rates tend to move in the same direction as interest rates. However, actual mortgage rates are also based on supply and demand for mortgages. The supply/demand equation for mortgage rates may be different from the supply/demand equation for interest rates. This might sometimes result in mortgage rates moving differently from other rates. For example, one lender may be forced to close additional mortgages to meet a commitment they have made. This results in them offering lower rates even though interest rates may have moved up! There is an inverse relationship between bond prices and bond rates. This can be confusing. When bond prices move up, interest rates move down and vice versa. This is because bonds tend to have a fixed price at maturity--typically $1000. If the price of the bond is currently at $900 and there are 10 years left on the bond and if interest rates start moving higher, the price of the bond starts dropping. The higher interest rates will cause increased accumulation of interest over the next 5 years, such that a lower price (e.g. $880) will result in the same maturity price, i.e. $1000. Effect of economic data on rates
Consumer Price Index (CPI) Rises Indicates rising inflation.
Pre-approval is a step above pre-qualification. Pre-approval involves verifying your credit, down payment, employment history, etc. Your loan application is submitted to a lender's underwriter, and a decision is made regarding your loan application. When your loan is pre-approved, you receive a pre-approval certificate. Getting your loan pre-approved allows you to close very quickly when you do find a home. Pre-approval can also help you negotiate a better price with the seller. What is a rate lock?
Suppose on March 2 you obtain a 15-day lock for a 30-year fixed loan at 8 percent, 2 points. The lock will expire on March 17 (if March 17 is a holiday then the lock is typically extended to the first working day after the 17th). The lender must disburse funds by March 17th, otherwise your rate lock expires, and your original rate-lock commitment is invalid. The same lock might cost 2.25 points for a 30-day lock or 2.5 points for a 60-day lock. If you need a longer lock and do not want to pay the higher points, you may instead pay a higher rate. After a lock expires, most lenders will let you re-lock at the higher of the original rate/points or current rate/points. In most cases you will not get a lower rate if rates drop. Lenders can lose money if your lock expires. This is because they are taking a risk by letting you lock in advance. If rates move higher, they are forced to give you the original rate at which you locked. Lenders often protect themselves against rate fluctuations by hedging. Some lenders do offer free float-downs--i.e., you may lock the rate initially and if the rates drop while your loan is in process, you will get the better rate. However, the free float-down is costly for the lender and you pay for this option indirectly, because the lender will build the price of this option into the rate. What do you do if the rates drop after you lock?
Lock-and-shop programs.
New-construction rate locks.
Can my loan be sold? What happens if my lender goes out of business?
If your lender goes out of business, you are still obligated to make payments! Typically, loans owned by a lender going out of business are sold to another lender. The lender purchasing your loan is obligated to honor the terms and conditions of the original loan. Therefore, if your lender goes out of business, it makes little difference with regards to your loan payments. In some cases, there may be a gap between the date of your lender's going out of business and the date that a new lender purchases your loan. In such a situation, continue making payments to your old lender until you are asked to make payments to your new lender. What is Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)? Can I get rid of the PMI on my loan?
The cost of PMI increases as your down payment decreases. Example: The cost of PMI on a 10 percent down payment is less than the cost of PMI on a 5 percent down payment. Your PMI premium is normally added to your monthly mortgage payment. Cancelling your PMI: Federal law requires PMI to be cancelled under certain circumstances, and Fannie Mae guidelines provide for cancellation of PMI in additional situations if the loan is owned by Fannie Mae. In general, PMI for a loan originated on or after July 29, 1999, which is secured by the borrower's one-family principal residence or second home will be cancelled at the borrower's request when the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) reaches 80 percent based on the value of the home at loan origination. In order to cancel PMI under the rules of July 29, 1999, the borrower must have a good payment history and the property value must not have declined. PMI on mortgages owned by Fannie Mae can also be cancelled at the borrower's request when the LTV reaches 75 percent based on the current value of the home as established by a new appraisal, provided that the borrower has a good payment history and that the loan is at least two years old. If the borrower does not request PMI cancellation, the PMI servicer must automatically cancel PMI on these loans when the LTV is scheduled to reach 78 percent, based on the value of the home at loan origination, provided that the loan is current at that time. For loans originated before July 29, 1999, which are secured by the borrower's principal residence or second home and that are owned by Fannie Mae, PMI will generally be cancelled at the midpoint of the loan term, provided that payments at that time are current.
Example:
30-year fixed 8 percent 1 point 8.107% APR The APR does NOT affect your monthly payments. Your monthly payments are a function of the interest rate and the length of the loan. The APR is a very confusing number! Even mortgage bankers and brokers admit it is confusing. The APR is designed to measure the "true cost of a loan." It creates a level playing field for lenders. It prevents lenders from advertising a low rate and hiding fees. Ideally, one should be able to compare APRs from various lenders, then select the loan with the lowest APR. Unfortunately it's not that simple. Various lenders calculate APRs differently! A loan with a lower APR may not be the best choice. A good way to compare different lenders is to ask them to provide a Good Faith Estimate of closing costs. Be sure you compare the same loan program (e.g., 30-year fixed), interest rate and rate lock period. You may ignore fees that are independent of the loan, such as homeowners insurance, title fees, escrow fees, attorney fees, etc. Pay particular attention to loan fees. The lender with the lowest loan fees will likely have the best deal. The reason why APRs are confusing is because the rules to compute APR are not clearly defined. What fees are included in the APR? The following fees ARE generally included in the APR:
Do not attempt to compare a 30-year loan with a 15-year loan using their respective APRs. A 15-year loan may have a lower interest rate, but could have a higher APR, since the loan fees are amortized over a shorter period of time. Finally, many lenders do not even know what they include in their APR because they use software programs to compute their APRs. It is quite possible that the same lender with the same fees using two different software programs may arrive at two different APRs!
Conclusion : What is the minimum income required to purchase a home?
Do all loans require a large down payment?
I have never purchased a property, and do not even know the first step. What do I do?
Do I have to be married, or does it help to be married to qualify?
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